What Is the Coffee Cup Score and Why It Matters
When you sip your morning coffee, you probably don’t think much about the type of coffee bean in your cup. But the kind of bean used plays a major role in the flavor, aroma, and overall experience. Understanding the main types of coffee beans helps you become a more informed coffee drinker and makes choosing your next brew a lot more exciting.
There are four primary types of coffee beans grown commercially around the world. Each has unique characteristics in terms of flavor, caffeine content, and where it’s cultivated.
Arabica is by far the most popular coffee bean in the world, accounting for over 60% of global coffee production.
Robusta beans are more hardy and easier to cultivate, especially in lower altitudes and warmer climates.
Liberica is less common globally but holds a special place in some local markets.
Excelsa was once classified as its own species, but it’s now considered a variety of Liberica.
These two types dominate the coffee industry, and understanding their differences can help you choose the right coffee for your taste.
| Feature | Arabica | Robusta |
|---|---|---|
| Flavor | Smooth, sweet, acidic | Strong, bitter, earthy |
| Caffeine Content | Lower | Higher |
| Cost | More expensive | Cheaper |
| Popularity | Specialty and premium | Instant and mass-market |
| Crema in Espresso | Less crema | More crema |
When you walk into a third-wave coffee shop, chances are the beans they serve are 100% Arabica. That’s because Arabica is seen as the premium choice, thanks to its wide range of flavors and smoother profile. These beans are often grown at high altitudes, hand-picked, and roasted with precision.
However, some high-quality Robusta is gaining attention, especially in regions like India and Uganda, where certain varieties have unique and desirable flavors.
It depends on your taste preference and how you brew your coffee.
Next time you’re browsing coffee bags at the store or online, check the label:
Just like wine, coffee has a rich world of flavor waiting to be explored. The more you understand about the types of beans, the better you’ll become at choosing a coffee that suits your taste and brewing style.
Whether you’re team Arabica, a Robusta rebel, or curious about rare varieties, knowing the bean is the first step toward a truly satisfying cup.
Gabriel Rodrigues is a coffee enthusiast, cultural researcher, and writer who specializes in exploring the intersection of history, society, and gastronomy. Passionate about uncovering the stories behind each cup, he delves into how coffee has shaped civilizations throughout time. When he’s not writing, you’ll find him visiting independent cafés and chatting with baristas around the world.
